Spy

Espionage or, casually, spying involves a spy ring, government and company/firm or individual obtaining information considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information. Espionage is inherently clandestine, as it is taken for granted that it is unwelcome and in many cases illegal and punishable by law. It is a subset of “intelligence gathering”, which otherwise may be conducted from public sources and using perfectly legal and ethical means. It is crucial to distinguish espionage from “intelligence” gathering, as the latter does not necessarily involve espionage, but often collates open-source information.